Detection Of The Microbiome And Mycotoxin-Producing Micromycetes In Dried Grapes (Raisins) And Vineyards

Abstract

This study investigates the microbiome of dried grapes (White Kishmish raisins) and vineyards in Uzbekistan, focusing on mycotoxin-producing micromycetes. Microbiological analyses identified Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Uncinula as dominant genera. These micromycetes synthesize secondary metabolites, including hazardous mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and fumonisins, which pose serious health risks to humans and animals. The research involved microbiological and genetic analyses, including MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA sequencing, to accurately identify fungal strains. The study confirmed the presence of Aspergillus carbonarius UZB-1, Alternaria tenuissima UZB-5, Fusarium equiseti UZB-6, and Uncinula necator UZB-3, all of which were registered in the NCBI database. The results highlight the significant contamination of stored raisins and vineyard soils, emphasizing the necessity of developing biological control strategies. Chemical treatments are not recommended for organic grape production. Instead, biopreparations based on antagonistic microorganisms should be applied to prevent fungal proliferation. The findings contribute to the development of eco-friendly solutions for grape and raisin production, ensuring food safety and reducing economic losses due to fungal contamination.