Regional and Solvent-dependent Variation in Antioxidant and Antifungal activities of Eucalyptus sideroxylon subspecies Extracts Targeting A. Alternata and B. Cinerea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.037.02.1299Keywords:
Antioxidant activity, antifungal activity, Eucalyptus subspecies, phytochemical composition, regional variationAbstract
This study provides the first comparative evaluation of methanolic and ethanolic leaf extracts from red- and white-flowered Eucalyptus sideroxylon subspecies collected from four Algerian regions, focusing on regional and solvent-dependent variation in their phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antifungal potential. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents were quantified using spectrophotometric colorimetric methods. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical-scavenging assay, while antifungal efficacy was evaluated in vitro using the agar well diffusion method against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata. Results revealed significant variability in phytochemical content and biological activities depending on both subspecies and geographic origin. The highest total phenol content was observed in Boughezoul region (458.71 mg GAE/g) for white-flowered in methanolic extracts, while in ethanolic extracts, the highest value was recorded in Miliana (305.22 mg GAE/g for red-flowered). Condensed tannin peaked in Boughezoul (702.16 mg CE/g in white-flowered), and flavonoid content was highest in Medea's red-flowered samples. Methanolic extracts of the white-flowered subspecies showed the strongest antioxidant activity, particularly in Médéa (IC50 = 0.0929 mg/ml). The white-flowered ethanolic extract from Médéa showed the highest antifungal activity, with inhibition zones of 21.5 ± 0.2 mm against A. alternata and 17.0 ± 0.3 mm against B. cinerea, exceeding Nystatin’s effect. The white-flowered methanolic extract from Boumerdes also exhibited notable antifungal activity (19.0 ± 0.5 mm and 15.0 ± 0.5 mm, respectively), likely reflecting environmental influences on metabolite accumulation. These findings support the use of white-flowered Eucalyptus sideroxylon extracts as a sustainable, natural biofungicide for integrated crop protection.References
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