EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF METARRHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE-BASED INSECTICIDE ON ITS EFFECTIVENESS AGAINST SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA ON CORN

Melina Melina, Itji D. Daud, Mita Yusri

Abstract


The fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most catastrophic pests of corn, the third most important food crop worldwide. In 2019, the pest was first recorded in Indonesia. Currently, the pest has been reported causing damaged to corn crops in most provinces of the country. Farmers depend primarily on insecticide use to manage the new invasive pest. To avoid the potential negative impacts of insecticide use, alternative control measures should be developed, including biological control. Fungal entomopathogen, Metarrhozium anisopliae, has been used as an effective mycoinsecticide against the pest in other countries. Formulation is very important to be considered in developing a new bioinsecticide because it affects the effectiveness, sporulation rate, and conidial viability of the entomopathogen. Thus, the study objectives were to determine larval mortality of S. frugiperda applied with different formulations of M. anisopliae. In addition, conidial density and viability of M. anisopliae in different formulations and incubated at different temperatures were also evaluated. The results showed that Metarrhizium anisopliae, prepared in powder formulation had better qualities in comparison to those cultured in pellet and pasta formulations. The fungus cultured on rice powder had higher pathogenicity against S. frugiperda larvae. Ten days after powder formulation was applied, 76% of the treated insects died, which was significantly higher than the percentages of dead insects in pellet and pasta formulations (56 and 52%, respectively). Similarly, conidial density was significantly higher for powder (5.21 x 106 conidia/ml) than pellet (2.79 x 106 conidia/ml) and pasta (0.85 x 106 conidia/ml) formulations. The percentages of the treated larvae becoming pupa were 11, 21, and 22% for powder, pellet, and pasta, respectively. Therefore, the powder formulation should be used in proliferation of the fungus in mycoinsecticide production.


Keywords


Corn, S. frugiperda, M. anisopliae, Formulation, Viability, Virulence

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aynalem, B., D. Muleta, M. Jida, F. Shemekite and F. Aseffad. 2022. Biocontrol competence of Beauveria Bassiana, Metarhizium Anisopliae and Bacillus thuringiensis against tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta under greenhouse and field conditions. Heliyon, 8(6): e09694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09694.

Bamisile, B.S., K.S. Akutse, C.K. Dash, M. Qasim, L.C.R. Aguila, H.J. Ashraf, W. Huang, M. Hussain, S. Chen and L. Wang. 2020. Effects of seedling age on colonization patterns of citrus limon plants by endophytic Beauveria Bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and their influence on seedlings growth. Journal of Fungi, 6(1): 29.

Bharathi, N.S., P. Mahendran, K. Sujatha, S. Ashokraj and T.P. Rabeesh. 2022. Pathogenic potential of Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium longisporum on tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae). Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 83(1): 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-022-00297-4.

Bidochka, M.J, A.M. Kamp, M.T. Lavendar, J. Dekoning and J.N.A. Croos. 2001. Habitat association in two genetic groups of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae: Uncovering cryptic Species? Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(3):1335-1342. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.3.1335

Chaneiko, S.M., A.L. de Brida and P.G. Bassa. 2019. Pathogenicity of Beauveria Bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae to Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) and effects on adultlLongevity. Journal of Agricultural Science, 11(16): 132-138.

Cruz, I. and F.T. Turpin. 1983. Yield impact of larval infestations of the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to midwhorl growth stage of corn. Journal of Economic Entomology,76: 1052-1054.

Daud, I. D., Melina, M. Junaid, M., O.B. Hasri, and S. Rahayu. 2023. A Laboratory scale: formulation test and bioassay of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill Internationa Journal of Advanced Science, 13(5): 1924-1933.

Daud, I. D., N. Agus, T. Abdullah, V. S. Dewi, Bunga, S. N. Komaria and M. Tuwo. 2019. Viability and role of Beauveria bassiana as endofit in corn Bima 11 Tammu Tammu Varieties against Aphis sp.†Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1341(2).

De Faria, M.R. and S.P. Wright. 2007. Mycoinsecticides and Mycoacaricides: A comprehensive list with worldwide coverage and international classification of formulation types. Volume 43(3): 237-256.

Fauzana, H., F. Arda, Nelvia, R. Rustam and F. Puspita. 2020. Test on several concentrations Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorokin in palm oil empty fruit bunch compost (Metankos) to infecting Oryctes rhinoceros’ larvae. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1655(1).

Gabriel, B.P. and Riyanto. 1989. Metarhizium anisopliae taksonomi, patologi, produksi dan aplikasinya. Proyek Pengembangan Perlidungan Tanaman Perkebunan. Depertemen Pertanian. Jakarata. 25 hlm.

Goergen, G., P.L. Kumar, S.B. Sankung, A. Togola and M. Tamò. 2016. First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J E smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), a new alien invasive pest in West and Central Africa. PLoS One, 11: e0165632.

Gomes, S.A., A.T. Carolino,T.B.P. Teodoro, G.A. Silva, R.O.B. Bitencourt, C. Peres and R.I. Samuels. 2023. The potential of Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores to control Aedes aegypti larvae in the field.†Journal of Fungi 9(7): 759.

Gutiérrez-Moreno R, D. Mota-Sanchez, C.A. Blanco, M.E. Whalon, H. Terán-Santofimio, J.C. Rodriguez-Maciel, C. DiFonzo. 2019. Field-evolved resistance of the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to synthetic insecticides in Puerto Rico and Mexico. Journal of Economy Entomology, 112(2): 792-802. doi: 10.1093/jee/toy372. PMID: 30535077

Hastuti, D., T.B. Rusbana, and D.N. Hidayatullah. 2017. Pengaruh lama penyimpanan jamur Metarhizium anisopliae terhadap mortalitas ulat grayak (Spodoptera Litura F.) di laboratorium. Jounal of Agroekotek 9 (1) : 17 – 27.

Humairoh, Durroh, M.T. Hidayat, and Y. Prayogo. 2013. Pengaruh kombinasi jenis cendawan entomopatogen dengan kerapatan konidia terhadap intensitas serangan larva ulat grayak. LenteraBio, 2(1): 19–23.

Kenis, M., G. Benelli, A. Biondi, P.A. Calatayud and R. Day. 2022. Invasiveness, biology, ecology, and management of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Entomologia Generalis, 3: 1-56. ff10.1127/entomologia/2022/1659ff. ffhal-03891431f

Kumar, R. M., B.G. Gadratagi, P. Kumar, Y. Madivalar, N. Narayanappa and F. Ullah. 2022. Sustainable management of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Agronomy. 12: 2150. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092150.

Lapinangga, J., Nina and J.A. Bunga. 2023. Formulasi bioinsektisida berbahan aktif Metarrhizium anisopliae isolat lokal untuk mengendalikan hama Cylas formicarius ( bioinsecticide formulation with active ingredient Metarrhizium anisopliae local isolate for controlling Cylas formicarius pest ).†6(1): 25-32.

Manson, M. Steven, and D. O’Sullivan. 2006. “Enhanced Thermotolerance of Entomopathogenic Beauveria Bassiana and Metarhizium Anisopliae JEF-Isolates by Substrate Modification.†Tjyybjb.Ac.Cn 3(2252): 58–66.

Masyitah, I., S.F. Sitepu, I.S. dan. 2017. Potensi jamur entomopatogem untuk mengendalikan ulat grayak Spodoptera litura F. pada tanaman tembakau in vivo.†Jurnal Keperawatan. Universitas Muhammadya Malang, 4(1): 724–32.

Montezano, D. G., A. Specht, D.R. Sosa-Gómez, V.F. Roque-Specht,, J.C. Sousa-Silva, S.V. Paula-Moraes, J.A. Peterson, and T.E. Hunt. 2018. Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. African Entomology, 26(2): 286–300.

Nonci, N., Kalgutny, S. Hary, H. Mirsam, A. Muis, M. Azrai, and M. Aqil. 2019. Pengenalan fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) hama baru pada tanaman jagung di indonesia. In Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia. Vol. 73.

Pasau, J. Dising, dan Paulus. 2022. Seminar Nasional Politani Kupang Ke-5 Kupang, 07 Desember 2022. 2: 61–71.

Permana., A. Dana, S. Marlinda, A. Susanto and A.S. Leksono. 2022. Effectiveness of Cordyceps sp. and Beauveria bassiana against large cabbage-heart caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).†International Journal of Biology and Biomedical, 16: 14-18.

Saputra, Zaka, P. Purnomo, N. Yasin, and L. Wibowo. 2013. Pengaruh aplikasi beberapa konsentrasi formulasi kering Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin isolat tegineneng terhadap mortalitas hama pengisap buah kakao (Helopeltis spp.).†Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 1(3): 309–14.

Sartiami, D., Dadang, I.S. Harahap, Y.M. Kusumah and R. Anwar. 2019. First record of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Indonesia and its occurrence in three provinces. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 468 012021. DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/468/1/012021

Susanti, A., P. Airlangga and I.A. Putra, 2023. Identification of Simplicillium lanosoniveum at suppressive soil potential areas in Brantas watershed–Indonesia. In AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2583. AIP Publishing.

Syahrawati, M.Y. dan and A. Mardiah. 2011. Patogenisitas beberapa isolat cendawan entomopatogen Metarhizium spp . terhadap telur Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Entomol. Indonesia, 8(1): 45–54.

Thamrin, S., N.S. Zuliana, S. Sjam and Melina. 2022. The effect of artificial diet made of soybeans (Glycine max L.) on the rearing of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). Journal of Tropical Plant Pests and Diseases, 22(2), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.222109-115

Uge, E, E. Yusnawan and Y. Baliadi. 2021. Environmentally friendly control of armyworms (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) on Soybean. Buletin Palawija, 19(1): 64–80.

Yactayo-Chang, J.P., C.T. Hunter, H.T. Alborn, S.A. Christensen and A.K. Block. 2023. A green leaf volatile, (z)-3-hexenyl-acetate, mediates differential oviposition by Spodoptera frugiperda on maize and rice.†BMC Biology, 21(1): 1–18.

Yin, F., M. Xiao, A. Berestetskiy, and Q. Hu. 2021. The Metarhizium anisopliae toxin, destruxin a, interacts with the sec23a and teme214 proteins of Bombyx mori.†Journal of Fungi, 7(6): 460. doi: 10.3390/jof7060460.

Yusri, M. 2023. Effectiveness test the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) at various concentrations against Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in the laboratory. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1230(1): 012109. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012109.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.036.01.1032

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Melina Melina, Itji Diana Daud, Mita Yusri

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

      
   
Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology
ISSN: 1019-763X (Print), 2305-0284 (Online).
© 2013 Pak. J. Phytopathol. All rights reserved.
 Â